Numao, S., He, S., Evjen, G., Howard, S., Tollersrud, O. K. and Withers, S. G. (2000) FEBS Letts. 484, 175-8 “Identification of Asp197 as the catalytic nucleophile in the family 38 a-mannosidase from bovine kidney lysosomes”. Pubmed
Diaz Arribas, J. C., Herrero, A. G., Martin-Lomas, M., Canada, Jx., He, S. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 6996-7005 “Differential mechanism-based labeling and unequivocal activity assignment of the two active sites of intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase”. Pubmed
Rye, C. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 4, 573-80 “Glycosidase mechanisms”. Pubmed
Stoll, D., He, S., Withers, S. G. and Warren, R. A. J. (2000) Biochem. J. 851, 833-838 “Identification of Glu-519 as the catalytic nucleophile in b -mannosidase 2A (Man2A) from Cellulomonas fimi”. Pubmed
Ly, H. D, Howard, S., Shum, K., He, S., Zhu, A. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Carbohydr. Res., 329, 539-547 “The synthesis, testing and use of 5-fluoro- a -D-galactosyl fluoride to trap an intermediate on green coffee bean a -galactosidase and identify the catalytic nucleophile”. Pubmed
Mayer, Ch., Vocadlo, D. J. and Withers, S. G. “b -N-acetylhexosaminidases: two enzyme families, two mechanisms”, (2000) Advances in Chitin Science, Vol. 4 , Eds. M. G. Peter, A. Domard and R. A. A. Muzzarelli pp. 612-619.
Notenboom, V., Williams, S. J., Hoos, R., Withers, S. G. and Rose, D. R. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 11553-11563 “Detailed structural analysis of glycosidase/inhibitor interactions: complexes of Cex from Cellulomonas fimi with xylobiose-derived aza-sugars”. Pubmed
Hart, D. O., He, S., Chany II, C. J., Withers, S. G., Sims, P. F. G., Sinnott, M. L. and Brumer III, H. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 9826-9836 “Identification of Asp-130 as the catalytic nucleophile in the main a -galactosidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium , a family 27 glycosyl hydrolase”. Pubmed
Hou, Y., Vocadlo, D., Withers, S. G. and Mahuran, D. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 6219-6227 “Identification of the role of Arg 211 in the active site of human b -hexosaminidase B”.
Wrodnigg, T. M., Gaderbauer, W., Greimel, P., Häusler, H., Sprenger, F. K., Stütz, A. E. Virgona, C. and Withers, S. G. (2000) J. Carbohydr. Chem. 19, 975-990 “Biologically active 1-aminodeoxy and 1-O-alkyl derivatives of the powerful D-glucosidase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol”.
Williams, S. J., Notenboom, V., Wicki, J., Rose, D. R. and Withers, S. G. (2000) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122, 4229-4230 “A new, simple, high affinity glycosidase inhibitor: analysis of binding through X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and kinetic analysis”.
Joshi, M., Sidhu, G., Pot, I., Brayer, G. D., Withers, S. G. and McIntosh, L. P. (2000) J. Mol. Biol. 299, 255-279 “Hydrogen bonding and catalysis: an unexpected explanation for how a single amino acid substitution can change the pH optimum of a glycosidase”. Pubmed
Williams, S. J. and Withers, S.G. (2000) Carbohydrate Research (Commissioned review) 327, 27-46 “Glycosyl fluorides in Enzymatic Reactions”. Pubmed
Williams, S. J., Hoos, R. and Withers, S. G. (2000) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122, 2223-2235 “Nanomolar versus millimolar inhibition: remarkable differences between two structurally different xylanases”.
Mayer, C., Zechel, D. L., Reid, S., Warren, R. A. J. and Withers, S. G. (2000) FEBS Letts. 466, 40-44 “The Glu358Ser mutant of Agrobacterium sp. b -glucosidase is a greatly improved Glycosynthase”. Pubmed
Vocadlo, D., Mayer, C., He, S. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Biochemistry, 39, 117-126 “Mechanism of action and identification of Asp241 as the catalytic nucleophile of Vibrio furnisii b -N-acetylglucosaminidase using 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-5-fluoro- a -L-idopyranosyl fluoride”. Pubmed
Brayer, G., Sidhu, G., Maurus, R., Rydberg, E. H., Braun, C., Wang, Y., Nguyen, N. T., Overall, C. M. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 4778-4791 “Subsite Mapping of the Active Site of Human Pancreatic a -Amylase Through Structural, Kinetic and Mutagenesis Techniques”. Pubmed
Namchuk, M., McCarter, J., Becalski, A., Andrews, T. and Withers, S. G. (2000) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122, 1270-1277 “The Role of Sugar Substituents in Glycoside Hydrolysis”.
Connelly, G. P., Withers, S. G. and McIntosh, L. P. (2000) Protein Science 9, 512-524 “Analysis of the dynamic properties of Bacillus circulans xylanase upon formation of a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate”. Pubmed
Dan, S., Marton, I., Dekel, M., Bravdo, B., He, S., Withers, S.G. and Shoseyov, O. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4973-4980 “Cloning, expression, characterization and nucleophile identification of Family 3, Aspergillus niger b -glucosidase”. Pubmed
Zechel, D. L. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 11-18 “Glycosidase mechanisms: anatomy of a finely tuned catalyst”. Pubmed
Vocadlo, D. and Withers, S. G. (2000) “Glycosidase-catalysed oligosaccharide synthesis” in ‘Carbohydrates in Chemistry and Biology’ Eds. B. Ernst, G.W. Hart, P. Sinay, Volume 1-4, pages 723-844 (Volume 2), Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim, Germany.
Vocadlo, D. and Withers, S. G. (2000) Chapter in the book ‘Protein and Peptide Analysis: new mass spectrometric applications’, Humana Press, Editor J. R. Chapman. “Identification of active site residues in glycosidases by use of tandem mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Withers, S. G. (1999) Eds. H. J. Gilbert, G. J. Davies, B. Henrissat and B. Svensson, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K. “New twists in enzymatic glycoside synthesis” in ‘Recent Advances in Carbohydrate Bioengineering’.
Lougheed, B., Ly, H., Wakarchuk, W. W. and Withers, S. G. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 37717-37722 “Glycosyl fluorides can function as substrates for nucleotide phosphosugar-dependent glycosyl transferases”. Pubmed
Sidhu, G., Withers, S. G., Nguyen, N. T., McIntosh, L. P., Ziser, L. and Brayer, G. D. (1999) Biochemistry 17, 5346-5354 “Sugar ring distortion in the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate of a family G/11 xylanase”. Pubmed
Uitdehaag, J.C.M., Mosi, R., Kalk, K.H., van der Veen, B.A., Dijkhuizen, L., Withers, S.G. and Dijkstra, B.W. (1999) Nature Structural Biology, 6, 432-436 “Catalysis in the a -amylase family: X-ray structures along the reaction pathway of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase”. Pubmed
Johnson, P.E., Brun, E., Mackenzie, L., Withers, S. G. and McIntosh, L.P. (1999) J. Mol. Biol. 287, 609-625 “The cellulose binding domains from Cellulomonas fimi b -1,4-glucanase CenC bind nitroxide spin-labeled cello-oligosaccharides in multiple orientations”. Pubmed
Sulzenbacher, G., Mackenzie, L.F., Wilson, K., Withers, S.G., Dupont, C. and Davies, G.J. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 4826-4833 “The crystal structure of a 2-fluorocellotriosyl complex of the Streptomyces lividans endoglucanase CelB2 at 1.2 A resolution”. Pubmed
Mosi, R. and Withers, S. G. (1999) Biochem. J. 38, 251-256 “Synthesis and kinetic evaluation of 4-deoxymaltopentaose and 4-deoxymaltohexaose as inhibitors of muscle and potato a -glucan phosphorylases”. Pubmed
Ly, H. and Withers, S. G. (1999) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 68, 487-522 “Mutagenesis of Glycosidases”. Pubmed
Withers, S. G. (1999) Can. J. Chem. 77, 1-11 “Understanding and exploiting glycosidases”.
Rydberg, E. H., Sidhu, G., Vo, H. C., Hewitt, J., Côté , H. C. F., Wang, Y., Numao, S., MacGillivray, R. T. A., Overall, C. M., Brayer, G. D. and Withers, S. G. (1999) Protein Science, 8, 635-647 “Cloning, mutagenesis and structural analysis of human pancreatic a -amylase expressed in Pichia pastoris”. Pubmed
Zechel, D. and Withers, S. G. (1999) Volume 5. Eds. D, Barton, K. Nakanishi and C. D. Poulter, Elsevier, Chapter 12, 279-314 “Mechanisms of glycosyl transfer” in ‘Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry’.
Withers, S. G., Namchuk, M. N. and Mosi, R. (1999) Ed. A. E. Stutz, Wiley-VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Chapter 9, pp188-206 “Potent glycosidase inhibitors: transition state mimics or simply fortuitous binders?” in ‘Carbohydrate analogues as glycosidase inhibitors-nojirimycin and beyond’.
Mosi, R., Sham, H., Uitdehaag, J., Ruiterkamp, R., Dijkstra, B. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 17192-17198 “Re-assessment of Acarbose as a Transition State Analogue Inhibitor of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase”. Pubmed
Wong, A. W., He, S., Grubb, J. H., Sly, W. S. and Withers, S. G. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34057-34062 “Identification of Glu540 as the catalytic nucleophile of human b -glucuronidase using electrospray mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Zechel, D. L., He, S., Dupont, C. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochem. J. 336, 139-145 “Identification of Glu 120 as the catalytic nucleophile in Streptomyces lividans endoglucanase CelB”. Pubmed
Mackenzie, L., Sulzenbacher, G., Divne, C., Jones, T. A., Woldike, H. F., Schulein, M., Withers, S. G. and Davies, G. (1998) Biochem. J., 335, 409-416 “Crystal structure of the family 7 endoglucanase (Cel7B) from Humicola insolens at 2.2 Å resolution and identification of the catalytic nucleophile by trapping of the covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate”. Pubmed
Notenboom, V., Birsan, C., Nitz, M., Rose, D. R., Warren, R. A. J. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Nature Structural Biology 5, 812-818 “Insights into transition state stabilization of the b -1,4-glycosidase Cex by covalent intermediate accumulation in active site mutants”. Pubmed
Davies, G. J., Mackenzie, L. F., Varrot, A., Dauter, M., Brzozowski, A. M., Schulein, M. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 11707-11713 “Snapshots along an enzymatic reaction coordinate: analysis of a retaining b -glycoside hydrolase”. Pubmed
Howard, S. and Withers, S. G. (1998) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 120, 10326-10331 “Bromoketone C-glycosides, a new class of b-glucanase inactivators”.
Vocadlo, D., Mackenzie, L., He, S., Zeikus, G. J. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochem. J. 335, 449-455 “Identification of Glu277 as the catalytic nucleophile of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum b -xylosidase using electrospray mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Mackenzie, L. F., Wang, Q., Warren, R. A. J. and Withers, S. G. (1998) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 120, 5583-5584. “Glycosynthases: mutant glycosidases for oligosaccharide synthesis”.
Zechel, D. L., Konermann, L., Withers, S. G. and Douglas, D. J. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 7664-7669 “Pre-steady state kinetic analysis of an enzymatic reaction monitored by time-resolved electrospray ionization mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Birsan, C., Johnson, P. Joshi, M. MacLeod, A. McIntosh, L., Monem,V., Nitz, M., Rose, D. R., Tull, D., Wakarchuk, W., Wang, Q., Warren, R. A. J., White, A. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochem. Soc. Trans.26, 156-160 “Mechanisms of cellulases and xylanases”. Pubmed
Notenboom, V. Birsan, C., Warren, R. A. J., Withers, S. G. and Rose, D. R. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 4751-4758 “Exploring the cellulase/xylanase specificity of the Cellulomonas fimi Beta-1,4-Glycanase Cex through crystallography and mutagenesis”. Pubmed
Ferro, V., Weiler, L. and Withers, S. G. and Ziltener, H. (1998) Can. J. Chem. 76, 313-318 “N-Glycosyl Phosphonamidates: Potential Transition State Analogue Inhibitors of Glycopeptidases”.
Zhu, J., Withers, S. G., Reichardt, P. B., Treadwell, E. and Clausen, T. P. (1998) Biochem. J. 332, 367-371 “Salicortin: a repeat attack new mechanism-based Agrobacterium faecalis b -glucosidase inhibitor”. Pubmed
Ferro, V., Weiler, L. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Carbohydr. Res. 306, 531-538 “Convergent synthesis of a fluorescence quenched glycopeptide as a potential substrate for peptide: N-glycosidases”.
Howard, S. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 3858-3864 “Labeling and identification of the postulated acid/base catalyst in the a -glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisae using a novel bromoketone C-glycoside”. Pubmed
Howard, S., He, S. and Withers, S. G. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2067-2072 “Identification of the active site nucleophile in jack bean a -mannosidase using 5-fluoro- b -L-gulosyl fluoride”. Pubmed
Lawson, S. L., Warren, R. A. J. and Withers, S. G. (1998) Biochem. J., 330, 203-209 “Mechanistic consequences of substituting the active site nucleophile Glu358 in Agrobacterium faecalis b -glucosidase with a cysteine”. Pubmed
Prade, H., Mackenzie, L. F. and Withers S. G. (1998) Carbohydr. Res. 305, 371-381 “Enzymatic synthesis of disaccharides using Agrobacterium sp. b -glucosidase”.
He, S. and Withers, S. G. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24864-24867 “Sweet almond b -glucosidase: assignment as a Family 1 glycosidase and identification of the active site nucleophile”. Pubmed
Davies, G., Sinnott, M. L. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Chapter 3 in Comprehensive Biological Catalysis, Vol. 1., Ed. M. L. Sinnott, Academic Press, pp119-208 “Glycosyl transfer”.
Howard, S., Braun, C., McCarter, J., Moremen, K. W., Liao, Y-F. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238, 896-898 “Human lysosomal and jack bean a -mannosidases are retaining glycosidases”. Pubmed
Harvey, T. C., Simiand, C., Weiler, L. and Withers, S. G. (1997) J. Org. Chem. 62, 6722-6725 “The synthesis of cyclic phosphonate analogs of ribose and arabinose”.
Mosi, R., He, S., Uitdehaag, S., Dijkstra, B. and Withers S. G. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 9927-9934 “Trapping and characterisation of the reaction intermediate in cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases by use of activated substrates and a mutant enzyme”. Pubmed
Wrodnigg, T. M., Stutz, A. E. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Tetrahedron Letts. 38, 5463-5466 “Synthesis of 1-amino-1,2,5-trideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol, a novel analogue of the powerful glucosidase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol, via an Amadori rearrangement of 5-azido-5-deoxy-D-glucofuranose”.
McCarter, J. D., Yeung, W., Chow, J., Dolphin, D. and Withers, S. G. (1997) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 119, 5792-5797 “2′-Deoxy-2′-Fluoro Disaccharides: Incorporating Aglycone Specificity into Mechanism-Based Glycosidase Inhibitors”.
Hoos, R. Rupitz, K., Vasella, A. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Carbohydrate Research 298, 291-298 “D-Glyconhydroximolactams strongly inhibit a -glycosidases”.
Anderson, S. M., Ebner, M., Ekhart, C. W., Gradnig, G., Legler, G., Lundt, I., Stutz, A. E., Withers, S. G. and Wrodnigg, T. (1997) Carbohydrate Research 301, 155-166 “Two isosteric fluorinated derivatives of the powerful glucosidase inhibitors 1-deoxynojirimycin and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol. Syntheses and glycosidase inhibitory activities of 1,2,5-trideoxy-2-fluoro-1,5-imino-D-glucitol and of 1,2,5-tridoexy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol”.
Mackenzie, L. F., Davies, G. J., Schulein, M. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 5893-5901 “Identification of the catalytic nucleophile of Endoglucanase I from Fusarium oxysporum by mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Knapp, S., Kirk, B. A., Vocadlo, D. and Withers, S. G. (1997) SynLetts 435-436 “An allosamizoline/glucosamine hybrid NAGase inhibitor”.
Mackenzie, L. F., Brooke, G. S., Cutfield, J. F., Sullivan, P. A. and Withers, S. G. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3161-3167 “Identification of Glu 330 as the catalytic nucleophile of Candida albicans exo- b -(1,3) glucanase”. Pubmed
McCarter, J. D., Burgoyne, D. L., Miao, S., Zhang, S., Callahan, J. W. and Withers, S. G. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 396-40 “Identification of Glu-268 as the catalytic nucleophile of human lysosomal b -galactosidase precursor by mass spectrometry”. Pubmed
Lawson, S. L., Wakarchuk, W. W. and Withers, S. G. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 2257-2265 “Positioning the acid/base catalyst in a glycosidase: studies with Bacillus circulans xylanase”. Pubmed
Stirtan, W. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 15057-15064 “Phosphonate and a -fluorophosphonate analogue probes of the ionization state of PLP in glycogen phosphorylase”. Pubmed
MacLeod, A., Tull, D., Rupitz, K., Warren, R. A. J. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 13165-13172 “Mechanistic consequences of mutation of active site carboxylates in a retaining b -1,4-glycanase from Cellulomonas fimi”. Pubmed
Bray, M. R., Creagh, A. L., Damude, H. G., Gilkes, N. R., Haynes, C. A., Jervis, E., Kilburn, D. G., MacLeod, A. M., Meinke, A., Rose, D. R., Shen, H., Tomme, P. Tull, D. White, A., Withers, S. G. and Warren, R. A. J. (1996) in ACS Symposium Series #655 Enzymes for Pulp and Paper Processing 64-84 “b -1,4-Glycanases of Cellulomonas fimi : families, mechanisms and kinetics”.
McIntosh, L. P., Hand, G., Johnson, P. E., Joshi, M., Korner, M., Plesniak, L. A., Ziser, L., Wakarchuk, W. W. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 9958-9966 “The pKa of the general acid/base carboxyl group of a glycosidase cycles during catalysis: A 13 C-NMR study of Bacillus circulans xylanase”. Pubmed
Lawson, S. L., Wakarchuk, W. W. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 10110-10118 “Effects of both shortening and lengthening the active site nucleophile of Bacillus circulans xylanase on catalytic activity”. Pubmed
Knapp, S., Vocadlo, D., Gao, Z., Kirk, B., Lou, J. and Withers, S. G. (1996) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 118, 6804-6805 “NAG-Thiazoline, an N-acetyl- b -hexosaminidase inhibitor that implicates acetamido participation”.
Lai, E. C. K., Morris, S. A., Street, I. P. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 4, 1929-1937 “Substituted glycals as probes of glycosidase mechanisms”. Pubmed
Mitchell, E. P., Withers, S. G., Ermert, P., Vasella, A. T., Garman, E. F., Oikonomakos, N. and Johnson, L. N. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 7341-7355 “Ternary complex crystal structures of glycogen phosphorylase with the transition state analogue nojirimycin tetrazole and phosphate in the T and R states”. Pubmed
Namchuk, M., Braun, C., McCarter, J. D. and Withers, S. G. (1996) ACS Symposium Series ‘Biomedical Frontiers of Fluorine Chemistry’ 639, 279-293 “Fluorinated sugars as probes of glycosidase mechanisms”.
Braun, C., Lindhorst, T., Madsen, N. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Biochemistry, 35, 5458-5463 “Identification of Asp549 as the catalytic nucleophile of glycogen debranching enzyme via trapping of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate”. Pubmed
McCarter, J. D. and Withers, S. G. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6889-6894 “Unequivocal Identification of Asp-214 as the Catalytic Nucleophile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a -Glucosidase Using 5-Fluoro Glycosyl Fluorides”. Pubmed
Damude, H. G., Ferro, V. Withers, S. G. and Warren, R. A. J. (1996) Biochem. J. 315, 467-472 “Substrate specificity of endoglucanase A from Cellulomonas fimi: Fundamental differences between endoglucanases and exoglucanases from Family 6”. Pubmed
White, A., Tull, D., Johns, K., Gilkes, N. R., Withers, S. G. and Rose, D. R. (1996) Nature Structural Biology 3, 149-154 “Crystallographic Observation of a Covalent Catalytic Intermediate on a b -Glycosidase”. Pubmed
Tull, D., Burgoyne, D., Chow, D., Aebersold, R. and Withers, S. G. (1996) Anal. Biochem. 234, 119-125 “A mass spectrometry-based approach for probing enzyme active sites: Identification of Glu127 in Cellulomonas fimi exoglycanase as the residue modified by N-bromoacetyl b -cellobiosylamine”. Pubmed
McCarter, J. D. and Withers, S. G. (1996) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 118, 241-242 “5-Fluoro glycosides: a new class of mechanism-based inhibitors of both a -and b -glucosidases”.